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323 F. Supp. 3d 203

Higgins v. State St. Corp.

District of Columbia District Court

Decided August 17, 2018

District of Columbia District Court · decided 2018-08-17

Cited by 1 later decisions — most recently December 2018

1 district ·

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

“must plead enough facts to make entitlement to relief plausible”

quoted by 1 later decision, including Connolly v. Shaw's Supermarkets, Inc.

Applies 29 U.S.C. § 621 (§ 2 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967) · 29 U.S.C. § 626 (§ 7 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)

Relies on Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly · Ashcroft v. Iqbal · O'CONNOR v. Consolidated Coin Caterers Corp.

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 2018-08-17

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

Nathaniel M. Gorton, United States District Judge

¶1This case involves allegations of Steven Andrew Higgins ("Higgins" or "plaintiff"), proceeding prose, against State Street Corporation ("State Street" or "defendant"). Higgins asserts that State Street 1) violated the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 ("ADEA"), 29 U.S.C. § 621etseq. and 2 ) unlawfully discriminated against him based on age in violation of M.G.L. c. 151B § 4.

¶2Defendant moves to dismiss the complaint.

¶3I. Background

¶4Higgins is 63 years old and has more than four decades of experience working in the financial sector. He holds an MBA in finance and accounting and multiple professional certifications and licenses. He applied for jobs with State Street 14 times prior to January, 2015, and twice more in 2015. Higgins sought positions as a Senior Audit Manager and Senior Auditor but did not receive an invitation to interview for either job. He alleges that State Street knew he was older than 40 years of age based on the information contained in his resume.

¶5In November, 2015, plaintiff filed a complaint with the Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination ("MCAD"). That complaint was dismissed in October, 2017 and Higgins then filed this suit in November, 2017. Pending before the Court is defendant's motion to dismiss.

¶6II. Analysis

¶7Defendant has filed a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to "state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007). In considering the merits of a motion to dismiss, the Court may look only to the facts alleged in the pleadings, documents attached as exhibits or incorporated by reference in the complaint and matters of which judicial notice can be taken.

¶8*206Nollet v. Justices of Trial Court of Mass., 83 F.Supp.2d 204, 208 (D. Mass. 2000), aff'd, 248 F.3d 1127 (1st Cir. 2000). Furthermore, the Court must accept all factual allegations in the complaint as true and draw all reasonable inferences in the plaintiff's favor. Langadinos v. Am. Airlines, Inc., 199 F.3d 68, 69 (1st Cir. 2000). If the facts in the complaint are sufficient to state a cause of action, a motion to dismiss the complaint must be denied. SeeNollet, 83 F.Supp.2d at 208.

¶9Although a court must accept as true all of the factual allegations contained in a complaint, that doctrine is not applicable to legal conclusions. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009). Threadbare recitals of the legal elements which are supported by mere conclusory statements do not suffice to state a cause of action. Id. Accordingly, a complaint does not state a claim for relief where the well-pled facts fail to warrant an inference of any more than the mere possibility of misconduct. Id. at 1950.

¶10A. Timeliness

¶11Plaintiff concedes, as he must, that any claims related to the 14 applications prior to January 17, 2015, are time-barred. See29 U.S.C. § 626(d)(1)(B) ; M.G.L. c. 151B, § 5. Accordingly, only the two 2015 applications are actionable in this case.

¶12B. Age discrimination standard

¶13Under both state and federal law, it is an unlawful practice for a private sector employer to discharge an employee because of his age or gender. 29 U.S.C. § 621etseq. ; M.G.L. c. 151B § 4 ; 42 U.S.C. § 2000e etseq. ; M.G.L. c. 151B § 4.

¶14To establish a primafacie case of discrimination, a plaintiff must demonstrate that

(1) [he is] a member of a protected class; (2) [he is] qualified for [his] job; (3) [he] suffer[ed] an adverse employment action at the hands of [his] employer; and (4) [there is] some evidence of a causal connection between [his] membership in a protected class and the adverse employment action.

¶15Garmon v. Nat'l R.R. Passenger Corp., 844 F.3d 307, 313 (1st Cir. 2016) (quoting Bhatti v. Trs. of Bos. Univ., 659 F.3d 64, 70 (1st Cir. 2011) ); Knight v. Avon Products, Inc., 438 Mass. 413, 423, 780 N.E.2d 1255 (2003) (requiring a "logical connection between each element of the prima facie case and the illegal discrimination") (quoting O'Connor v. Consolidated Coin Caterers Corp., 517 U.S. 308, 311-312, 116 S.Ct. 1307, 134 L.Ed.2d 433 (1996) ). Although an employee "need not plead facts sufficient to establish a primafacia case," at the motion to dismiss stage, he must plead enough facts to make entitlement to relief plausible. Rodriguez-Reyes v. Molina-Rodriguez, 711 F.3d 49, 54 (1st Cir. 2013).

¶16C. Age discrimination analysis

¶17Accepting the plaintiff's allegations as true, he has asserted that he was a member of a protected class (because he is over the age of 40), was qualified for the job (by virtue of his credentials and experience) and suffered an adverse employment action (because he was not hired). He alleges no facts, however, demonstrating a causal connection between his age and State Street's decision not to interview him. Accordingly, he fails to allege a plausible claim for relief.

¶18Higgins does not claim that State Street hired a younger person with equal or lesser qualifications to fill the positions for which he applied. He does not allege that any State Street employee or agent said or did anything to indicate that defendant discriminated against him based on age. In short, although plaintiff provides his speculative conclusion that State Street based its decisions on his age, he alleges no plausible facts from which a fact-finder *207could infer that age discrimination occurred.

¶19"It is not enough" to allege that the plaintiff is a member of a protected class and was subject to an adverse employment action. Alicea v. N. Am. Cent. Sch. Bus, LLC, 232 F.Supp.3d 213, 215 (D. Mass. 2017). Plaintiff protests that defendant has failed to serve the discovery that he believes would demonstrate State Street's discriminatory decision-making. Without a complaint that states a claim that is plausible on its face, however, he is not entitled to such discovery. The mere fact that an older employee was not hired does not trigger a right to "conduct discovery in hopes that evidence of a discriminatory motive may turn up." Id. at 216.

¶20Because plaintiff has not alleged a "causal connection" between his failure to obtain an interview and his age, he has failed to state a plausible claim upon which relief can be granted.

¶21Defendant's motion to dismiss will be allowed.

¶22III. Pro se status and leave to amend

¶23The First Circuit Court of Appeals has explained that the fact a plaintiff files a complaint prose"militates in favor of a liberal reading." SeeBoivin v. Black, 225 F.3d 36, 43 (1st Cir. 2000). In particular, courts are instructed to endeavor, "within reasonable limits, to guard against the loss of pro se claims due to technical defects." Rodi v. S. New England Sch. of Law, 389 F.3d 5, 20 (1st Cir. 2004). "At the same time, the Court will not become a drafter of pleadings." Saade v. Sec. Connection Inc., 282 F.Supp.3d 414, 420 (D. Mass. 2017), reconsiderationdenied, No. CV 17-10168-NMG, 2018 WL 651324 (D. Mass. Jan. 30, 2018).

¶24Mr. Higgins's complaint fails to allege sufficient facts to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. A district court, however, "should freely give leave [to amend] when justice so requires." Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2). Where a movant evinces futility, bad faith, undue delay, or a dilatory motive, amendment is not warranted. SeeGrant v. News Group Boston, Inc., 55 F.3d 1, 5 (1st Cir. 1995). The Court detects no such misfeasance in plaintiff's complaint. Accordingly, the Court will grant plaintiff leave to file an amended complaint in an effort to present sufficient plausible factual allegations.

¶25ORDER

¶26For the foregoing reasons, the motion of defendant to dismiss (Docket No. 10) is ALLOWED . Plaintiff is permitted to file an amended complaint, if any, on or before September 17, 2018.

¶27So ordered.

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