Ford Motor Co. v. Department of Treasury’s Empirical Analysis
323 U.S. 459 · 1945
Citation profile
1,006 federal appellate · 556 district · 189 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 3,410 later decisions (106 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2026 · most notably Scheuer v. Rhodes (1974), Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle (1977)
1,006 federal appellate · 556 district · 189 state decisions — followed in 31 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. A case is still cited after being overruled — to note the reversal, distinguish it, or in dissent. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedFord Motor Co. v. Department of Treasury (from Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Hans v. State of Louisiana · United States v. United States Fidelity & Guaranty Co. · United States v. Shaw · Clark v. Barnard
Cited together with Edelman v. Jordan · Ex Parte: Edward T Young · Hans v. State of Louisiana · Pennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman · Quern v. Jordan
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 3,410 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the state is the real, substantial party in interest.”
149 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.”
47 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The Eleventh Amendment declares a policy and sets forth an explicit limitation on federal judicial power of such compelling force that this Court will consider the issue ... even though urged for the first time in this Court.”
20 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.