In re Summers’s Empirical Analysis
325 U.S. 561 · 1945
Citation profile
156 federal appellate · 51 district · 53 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 460 later decisions (46 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2021 · most notably District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman (1983), Stump v. Sparkman (1978)
156 federal appellate · 51 district · 53 state decisions — followed in 16 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette · Osborn v. President Directors and Company of the Bank of the United States · Prentis v. Atlantic Coast Line Co. · Bridges v. State of California Times-Mirror Co · David Muskrat v.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 460 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]he form of the proceeding is not significant. It is the nature and effect which is controlling.”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[a] claim of a present right to admission to the bar of a state and a denial of that right is a controversy. When the claim is made in a state court and a denial of the right is made by judicial order, it is a case which may be reviewed ... in this Court.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the appointment of a clerk or bailiff or the specification of the requirements of eligibility or the course of study for applicants for admission to the bar....”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.