Bollenbach v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
326 U.S. 607 · 1946
Citation profile
1,275 federal appellate · 28 district · 450 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 2,072 later decisions (85 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 2025 · most notably Chapman v. State of California (1967), Kotteakos v. United States (1946)
1,275 federal appellate · 28 district · 450 state decisions — followed in 38 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedUnited States v. Bollenbach (from Second Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 550 · 18 U.S.C. § 551
Relies on Quercia v. United States · Tot v. United States · Wilson v. United States · Bruno v. United States
Cited together with Kotteakos v. United States · Chapman v. State of California · Glasser v. United States · In the Matter of Samuel Winship · Sandstrom v. Montana
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 2,072 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“When a jury makes explicit its difficulties a trial judge should clear them away with concrete accuracy.”
43 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“the judicial pendulum need not swing to presuming all errors to be”
32 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“last word is apt to be the decisive word.”
14 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.