Stephens v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1997
Citation profile
44 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 44 later decisions — most recently March 2025 · most notably Wofford v. State (1997), Rankin v. State (1997)
44 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Edwards v. Arizona · Colorado v. Connelly · Echols v. State · Scherrer v. State · Davasher v. State
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 44 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“When voluntariness of a statement is an issue, we make an independent determination based on the totality of the circumstances surrounding the statement. We will reverse the ruling of the trial court only if that ruling was clearly against the preponderance of the evidence. A custodial statement is presumed involuntary, and the burden is on the state to show that the statement was voluntarily given.....In making a determination of whether a statement was voluntarily made, this court will consider many factors, among which are the age, education and intelligence of the accused; the length of questioning; the advice or lack of advice on constitutional rights; the repeated or prolonged nature of questioning; and the use of mental or physical punishment.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Wofford v. State“First, we examine the statements of the interrogating officers. Second, we consider the vulnerability of the defendant[.]”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Bell v. State
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.