State v. Elam’s Empirical Analysis
1982
Citation profile
13 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 15 later decisions — most recently March 2013
13 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on County Court of Ulster Cty. v. Allen · Gleason v. United States · Hulver v. United States · State v. Robinson · State v. Bess
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 15 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]he test of justification is both subjective and objective. The actor must actually believe that he is in danger and that belief must be a reasonable one.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“(1)the defendant was the provocator in initiating or continuing the difficulty which resulted in the shooting; or (2) the defendant did not believe he was in imminent danger of death or injury and that use of force was not necessary to save him; or (3) he did not have reasonable grounds for such belief; or (4) the force used was unreasonable.”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. State v. Nunn
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.