United States v. Pena’s Empirical Analysis
33 F.3d 2 · 1994
Citation profile
12 federal appellate ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 28 later decisions — most recently February 2010 · most notably United States v. Taylor (1996), United States v. Ajmal (1995)
12 federal appellate ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2114 · 28 U.S.C. § 991
Relies on Stinson v. United States · United States v. Daughtrey · United States v. Garcia · United States v. Lopez · United States v. Caruth
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 28 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]he Sentencing Commission intends for culpability to be gauged relative to the elements of the offense of conviction, not simply relative to co-perpetrators.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Permitting the culpability of co-perpetrators alone to determine the adjustment for role in the offense for all members of a criminal undertaking would... subject[] defendants who had engaged in identical criminal conduct to different sentences.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“reduc[ing] unwarranted sentencing disparities among defendants with similar records who have been found guilty of similar criminal conduct.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.