United States v. Young’s Empirical Analysis
33 F.3d 31 · 1994
Citation profile
35 federal appellate · 1 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 53 later decisions — most recently January 2025 · most notably United States v. Kaluna (1998), United States v. Campbell (1994)
35 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1291
Relies on Moody v. Smith · United States v. Restrepo · United States v. Lawrence · United States v. Luna
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 53 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[i]f the defendant recklessly created a substantial risk of death or serious bodily injury to another person in the course of fleeing from a law enforcement officer.”
7 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“aided or abetted, counseled, commanded, induced, procured, or willfully caused”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The Government bears the burden of proving factors enhancing a sentence by a preponderance of the evidence.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.