33 F. App'x 552 - Clyburn v. Shields’s Empirical Analysis
2002
Citation profile
1 district ·
Relationships
Applies 20 U.S.C. § 1681 (§ 901 of the Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972) · 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000D
Relies on Personnel Administrator of Mass. v. Feeney · Alexander v. Sandoval · General Building Contractors Assn., Inc. v. Pennsylvania · Air Line Pilots Ass'n, International v. Thurston · Hayden v. County of Nassau
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 3 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“an actionable 'discriminatory purpose ... implies more than intent as volition or intent as awareness of consequences ... [it] implies that the decisionmaker ... selected or reaffirmed a particular course of action at least in part 'because of,' not merely 'in spite of,' its adverse effects upon an identifiable group.'”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.