Danson v. Casey’s Empirical Analysis
1978
Citation profile
20
cited by 20 later decisions
3
states following
July 2003
most recently cited
2 federal appellate · 18 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 20 later decisions — most recently July 2003
2 federal appellate · 18 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez · Shapiro v. Thompson · 5 Cal. 3d 584 - Serrano v. Priest · 18 Cal. 3d 728 - Serrano v. Priest · Wilson v. Philadelphia School District
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 20 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Districts receive a payment for each child enrolled in school. Secondary children are ‘weighted’ so that the weighted average daily membership (WADM) exceeds actual enrollment. The Commonwealth then undertakes to pay a percentage of the medial actual instruction expense per WADM in the year for which reimbursement is to be payable. This ‘aid ratio ’ is computed by dividing the market value of the district’s real estate by WADM and comparing it to the State average tax base per student. If the district and State tax base are equal, the district receives fifty (50%) per cent of student cost. If the district base is lower, support is higher; if the base is higher, support is lower. To assure the availability of uniform valuation statewide the State Tax Equalization Board (STEB) was formed and given the task of determining the market value of taxable real property in each school district. These market values are then the standard by which district wealth is measured in the equalization formula. By virtue of the Act of August 24,1977, P.L. [199], No. 59, two significant additions have been made to the subsidy formula. A school district’s personal income is valued per WADM and comprises forty (40%) per cent of the aid ratio. Second, a school district’s tax effort is measured in determining the ‘base earned for reimbursement. ’ The more that effort sinks below the median statewide effort the more the figure to which the aid ratio is applied de creases. Each school district is then p”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“Prior to 1874, the state appropriations for school purposes were comparatively small. Nearly the whole fund for building and school purposes was raised by local taxation in the respective districts. But in the constitution of 1874, section 1 of article X. directed that: “The General Assembly shall provide for the maintenance and support of a thorough and efficient system of public schools, wherein all the children of this commonwealth above the age of six years may be educated, and shall appropriate at least $1,000,000 each year for that purpose.”[ 12 ] The school system had then been in operation forty years, yet statistics demonstrated that a large percentage of even Pennsylvania bom children grown to manhood and womanhood under the public school system were illiterate. The school laws as administered had not accomplished nearly to the full extent the purpose of its founders. Hence the mandate of the new constitution. The implication is the fund raised by local taxation has not been sufficient; it must be liberally supplemented by state aid ... The object of these large appropriations was to add to the efficiency of the schools. It was not intended by increasing this efficiency to thereby wholly impose the increased expense on the districts to be raised by local taxation, and it is equally clear it was not intended the school districts should shift the burden on the state by largely reducing local taxation. If that were the result, nothing would be gained in efficiency. It ”
1 later decision quote this exact passage““The current system is yet another step in continuing legislative attention to correlate State aid formulae with local districts’ needs and fiscal capacity.... The goal is to equalize educational opportunity and remove that opportunity from dependence upon the student’s situs or status. Whether the proper nexus has been maintained between the elements of the subsidy formula and the professed goal has been a source of criticism. “It has been held that ‘[i]n considering laws relating to the public school system, courts will not inquire into the reason, wisdom, or expediency of the legislative policy with regard to education, but whether the legislation has a reasonable relation to [a thorough and efficient system of public schools]. Teachers’ Tenure Act Cases, supra, 329 Pa. at 224 , 197 A. at 352 . “Although all educational financing cases are sui generis in the sense that the alleged deprivation is relative rather than absolute, we find no discrimination, invidious or otherwise, in a system that applies a uniform subsidy formula statewide, while at the same time adapting to community diversification by providing for local taxation. To the extent that it aids the promotion of a public school system, the subsidy formula is fair. To the extent that it provides no less than it makes available to other school districts, it is substantial. Given the varying interdistrict educational costs, and the uncertain nexus between the cost and quality of education, we cannot say, as a matter”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.