33 U.S.C. § 981
Section 981 · Creation of Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation
Amended 3 times on record
Applied in 4 court decisions — leading case Breitbeck v. United States (1974)
Most recently applied in 640 F. Supp. 203 - Canadian St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians v. New York (July 1986)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
There is hereby created, subject to the direction and supervision of the Secretary of Transportation, a body corporate to be known as the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation (hereinafter referred to as the "Corporation").
Editorial notes U.S. Code · Office of the Law Revision Counsel
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2020—Pub. L. 116–260 substituted "Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation" for "Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation".
1966—Pub. L. 89–670 substituted "Secretary of Transportation" for "President, or the head of such agency as he may designate".
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1966 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 89–670 effective Apr. 1, 1967, as prescribed by the President and published in the Federal Register, see section 16(a), formerly §15(a), of Pub. L. 89–670 and Ex. Ord. No. 11340, Mar. 30, 1967, 32 F.R. 5453.
Separability
Section 11 of act May 13, 1954, provided: "If any provision of this Act [enacting this chapter and amending section 846 of Title 31, Money and Finance] or the application of such provision to any person or circumstances shall be held invalid, the remainder of the Act and the application of such provision to persons or circumstances other than those to which it is held invalid shall not be affected thereby."
References to Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation
Pub. L. 116–260, div. AA, title V, §512(b), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2756, provided that: "Any reference to the Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation in any law, regulation, document, record, Executive order, or other paper of the United States shall be deemed to be a reference to the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation."
Administrator To Report Directly to Secretary of Transportation
Pub. L. 89–670, §8(g)(2), which provided that the Administrator of the St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation report directly to the Secretary notwithstanding any other provision of the Department of Transportation Act (Pub. L. 89–670), was repealed by Pub. L. 97–449, §7(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2444, except for rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, and proceedings that were begun before Jan. 12, 1983.
Executive Documents
Executive Order No. 10534
Ex. Ord. No. 10534, June 9, 1954, 19 F.R. 3413, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 10771, June 23, 1958, 23 F.R. 4525, which related to the direction and supervision of the St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, was revoked by section 16 of Ex. Ord. No. 11382, Nov. 28, 1967, 32 F.R. 16247.