330 So. 2d 3 - White v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1976
Citation profile
3 federal appellate · 48 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 53 later decisions — most recently June 2014 · most notably Gold v. City of Miami (1997), 339 So. 2d 641 - State v. Saunders (1976)
3 federal appellate · 48 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Chaplinsky v. State of New Hampshire · Cohen v. California · Gooding v. Wilson · Lewis v. City of New Orleans · Shuttlesworth v. City of Birmingham
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 53 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“by their very utterance ... inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace,”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Miller v. State · LJM v. State“It is the degree of loudness, and the circumstances in which they are uttered, which takes them out of the constitutionally protected area.”
9 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““ . . . the use of constitutionally protected words, when accompanied by oral non-verbal acts which infringe upon the rights of others to pursue their normal, lawful activities, (does not) extend the constitutional protection to such non-verbal act.” In Elmer’s case, we have an on-going domestic dispute and obviously the police are sick of it. Elmer and Alfreda are yelling at each other and people are leaving their businesses to watch. The two of them are trying to fight and would have done so except the officers kept telling Elmer not to get close to her. The officers are confronted with a lady that they suspect to be armed with a knife. They have their hands full without some idiot like Elmer interfering. They asked him to be quiet several times. Elmer’s conduct was at least as egregious as White’s. People, other than police officers, were affected. There was also an element of danger (Elmer’s special knife).”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.