331 Ill. App. 3d 1049 - People v. Smith’s Empirical Analysis
2002
Citation profile
30 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 32 later decisions — most recently June 2025 · most notably 356 Ill. App. 3d 132 - People v. Kipfer (2005), 357 Ill. App. 3d 411 - People v. Luedemann (2005)
30 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Florida v. Royer · United States v. Mendenhall · Florida v. Bostick · Illinois v. Wardlow
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 32 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“"Under other circumstances we would find that a seizure occurred no later than when the defendant was told to stop and to remove his hands from his pockets. At that point the defendant had begun to back away from the officers, indicating his intent to leave. The officers just as clearly indicated their intent that he remain. However, because the defendant did not submit to the officers' commands, but continued to back away, no seizure occurred at that point. " (Emphasis added.) Smith, 331 Ill.App.3d at 1053 , 269 Ill.Dec. 235 , 780 N.E.2d 707 .”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“A consensual encounter will lose its consensual nature if law enforcement officers convey a message by means of physical force or show of authority, that induces the individual to cooperate.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“reasonable man would have believed that he was not free to leave.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.