Crow v. Brown’s Empirical Analysis
1971
Citation profile
27 federal appellate · 4 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 53 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently November 1996 · most notably Warth v. Seldin (1975), Washington v. Davis (1976)
27 federal appellate · 4 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 12 U.S.C. § 1864 · 28 U.S.C. § 1331 · 28 U.S.C. § 1343 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000D
Relies on Association of Data Processing Service Organizations, Inc. v. Camp · Shapiro v. Thompson · Association of Data Processing Service Organizations Inc v. B Camp Barlow · McLaughlin v. Florida · Buchanan v. Warley
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 53 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[f]or better or worse, both by legislative act and judicial decision, this nation is committed to a policy of balanced and dispersed public housing. . . . Among other things, this reflects the recognition that in the area of public housing local authorities can no more confine low-income blacks to a compacted and concentrated area than they can confine their children to segregated schools.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Although the Commissioners say they want only “nice” apartments at BoatRock and Red Oak it is clear that they are not talking about physical quality of the buildings. * * * * * * It is also clear that they are not concerned with the physical location of the buildings. An aerial photograph of the BoatRock area shows it to be, for the most part, vacant rural land bounded on one side by an industrial development. The Commissioners testified that they were aware that most tenants of public housing are black, and the court is constrained to find that the only objection county authorities have to BoatRock and Red Oak is that the apartments would be occupied by low-income, black tenants. The official minutes of the meeting of the Commissioners, the correspondence between the parties, the letters denying the building permits, the memoranda of the county officials, and the testimony at trial all compel this conclusion. # * * * * * [T]he evidence strongly suggests that the county’s resort to such use of conditional zoning was a planned contrivance to be used in any situation which public housing was involved.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“While poor blacks have been attracted to the low-rent public housing in Atlanta and the city’s problems have rapidly mounted, whites have been fleeing in increasing numbers. In 1960 35% of the residents of Atlanta were black; today 51% are black. The public school population of Atlanta was 30% black; today it is 70% black. A fair percentage of the whites leaving Atlanta have moved to the unincorporated areas of Fulton County; a similar percentage of blacks from those areas have moved to the city. Within the immediate future, unless drastic changes occur, it is not merely possible but certain that Atlanta will become, in essence, a black city within a solid white perimeter. Id. at 384 .”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.