337 Pa. Super. 174 - Commonwealth v. Grady’s Empirical Analysis
1984
Citation profile
43 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 43 later decisions — most recently December 2023 · most notably 339 Pa. Super. 32 - Commonwealth v. Hernandez (1985), 111 Ill. 2d 87 - People v. Coleman (1986)
43 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Rummel v. Estelle · Spencer v. State of Texas a Bell · Gryger v. Burke · Johnson v. Stevenson · John McDonald v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 43 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) . The law makes an act criminal which was not criminal when done; (2) The law aggravates a crime, or makes it greater than it was when done; ■ (3) The.law.changes a punishment, and makes it greater than it was when the punishable act was committed; and (4) The law alters the rules of evidence and requires less. or different testimony than the law required at the time .the offense was committed, in order to' convict.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage““Merely allowing a conviction obtained before the amendment to be used in the assessment of the penalty for a subsequent offense does not violate the constitutional prohibition against ex post facto laws. [[Image here]] As of the effective date of the 1981 amendment ... the defendant was on notice as to what would happen if she were again con victed while intoxicated.” 445 A2d at 1090-91 .”
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.