Manders v. Lee’s Empirical Analysis
338 F.3d 1304 · 2003
Citation profile
38 federal appellate · 1 district · 7 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 172 later decisions — most recently March 2025 · most notably National Steel Car, Ltd. v. Canadian Pacific Railway, Ltd. (2004), Abusaid v. Hillsborough County Board of County Commissioners (2005)
38 federal appellate · 1 district · 7 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle · City of Canton v. Harris · Pennhurst State School and Hospital v. Halderman · Will v. Michigan Department of State Police
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 172 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(1) how state law defines the entity; (2) what degree of control the State maintains over the entity; (3) where the entity derives its funds; and (4) who is responsible for judgments against the entity.”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“in light of the particular function in which the defendant was engaged when taking the actions out of which liability is asserted to arise.”
9 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.