Blackwell v. Barton’s Empirical Analysis
34 F.3d 298 · 1994
Citation profile
39 federal appellate · 1 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 91 later decisions — most recently September 2020 · most notably Berg v. County of Allegheny (2000), Deville v. Marcantel (2009)
39 federal appellate · 1 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1291 · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Anderson v. Creighton · Graham v. Connor · Mitchell v. Forsyth · Daniels v. Williams · Tennessee v. Garner
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 91 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“In suits alleging illegal arrest, the qualified immunity determination turns on whether “ ‘a reasonable officer could have believed [the arrest] to be lawful, in light of clearly established law and the information the ... officer [ ] possessed.’ Even law enforcement officials who ‘reasonably but mistakenly believe that probable cause is present’ are entitled to immunity.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“Probable cause exists when the facts available at the time of the arrest would support a reasonable person's belief that an offense has been, or is being, committed and that the individual arrested is the guilty party.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Hart v. O'Brien“discrepancies in hair and eye color or skin tone are not determinative in this day when use of hair dyes, cosmetic contact lenses, and tanning salons is relatively common”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Rodriguez v. Farrell
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.