Zilich v. Longo’s Empirical Analysis
34 F.3d 359 · 1994
Citation profile
23 federal appellate · 2 district · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 64 later decisions — most recently February 2025 · most notably Thaddeus-X v. Blatter (1999), Colson v. Grohman (1999)
23 federal appellate · 2 district · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Perry v. Sindermann · Powell v. McCormack · Siegert v. Gilley · Johnson v. Avery · Nixon v. Administrator of General Services
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 64 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]he First Amendment is not an instrument designed to outlaw partisan voting or petty political bickering through the adoption of legislative resolutions”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage“A legislative body does not violate the First Amendment when some members cast their votes in opposition to other members out of political spite or for partisan, political or ideological reasons. Legislators across the country cast then-votes every day for or against the position of another legislator because of what other members say on or off the floor or because of what newspapers, television commentators, polls, letter writers, and members of the general public say. We may not invalidate such legislative action based on the allegedly improper motives of legislators.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“a law that legislatively determines guilt and inflicts punishment upon an identifiable individual without provision of the protections of a judicial trial.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.