Armstrong v. Young’s Empirical Analysis
34 F.3d 421 · 1994
Citation profile
21 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 39 later decisions — most recently July 2024 · most notably Williams v. Washington (1995), State v. Marquez (2009)
21 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on Brady v. State of Maryland · United States v. Bagley · Simmons v. United States · Neil v. Biggers · United States v. Agurs
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 39 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the opportunity of the witness to view the criminal at the time of the crime, the witness' degree of attention, the accuracy of [the witness'] prior description of the criminal, the level of certainty demonstrated at the confrontation, and the time between the crime and the confrontation.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“applies not only to the state court's factual findings, but also to the implicit resolution of a factual dispute that can be fairly inferred from the state court record.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Sprosty v. Buchler“[F]or a constitutional claim to be fairly presented to a state court, both the operative facts and the 'controlling legal principles' must be submitted to that court.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.