NAACP v. Allen’s Empirical Analysis
1972
Citation profile
33 federal appellate · 7 district · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 86 later decisions (4 by the Supreme Court) — most recently July 2008 · most notably Alyeska Pipeline Service Company v. Wilderness Society (1975), West Virginia University Hospitals, Inc. v. Casey (1991)
33 federal appellate · 7 district · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (Civil Rights Act of 1866) · 42 U.S.C. § 1982 (Civil Rights Act of 1866) · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Griggs v. Duke Power Co. · Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka et al. · National Association for Advancement of Colored People v. Y Button · National Association for Advancement of Colored People v. State of Alabama Patterson · Burton v. Wilmington Parking Authority
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 86 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Under such circumstances . . . the courts have the authority and the duty not only to order an end to discriminatory practices, but also to correct and eliminate the present effects of past discrimination. The racial discrimination in this instance has so permeated the Department['s] employment policies that both mandatory and prohibitory injunctive relief are necessary to end these discriminatory practices and to make some substantial progress toward eliminating their effects.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“[w]hen plaintiffs, through the prosecution of a lawsuit, benefit the class they represent and effectuate a strong congressional policy, they are entitled to attorneys' fees regardless of the defendants' good or bad faith. Indeed, under such circumstances, the award loses much of its discretionary character and becomes a part of the effective remedy a court should fashion to encourage public-minded suits and to carry out congressional policy.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage“[D]efendants unquestionably knew and understood that their discriminatory practices violated the Fourteenth Amendment ..., see United States v. Frazer, 317 F.Supp. 1079 (M.D.Ala.1970), [thus] their defense of this lawsuit amounts to unreasonable and obdurate conduct which necessitated the expense of litigation.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.