Collins v. Hardyman’s Empirical Analysis
341 U.S. 651 · 1951
Citation profile
445 federal appellate · 84 district · 35 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 880 later decisions (49 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2018 · most notably Adickes v. S. H. Kress & Co. (1970), Baker v. Carr (1962)
445 federal appellate · 84 district · 35 state decisions — followed in 10 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. A case is still cited after being overruled — to note the reversal, distinguish it, or in dissent. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedHardyman v. Collins (from Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on United States v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co. · Screws v. United States · Shelley v. Kraemer · United States v. Cruikshank · Civil Rights Cases
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 880 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“* * * private discrimination is not inequality before the law unless there is some manipulation of the law or its agencies to give sanction or sanctuary for doing so. Plaintiffs' rights were certainly invaded, disregarded and lawlessly violated, but neither their rights nor their equality of rights under the law have been, or were intended to be, denied or impaired. Their rights under the laws and to protection of the laws remain untouched and equal to the rights of every other Californian, and may be vindicated in the same way and with the same effect as those of any other citizen who suffers violence at the hands of a mob.”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“conspire or go in disguise on the highway or on the premises of another.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissente.g. Wall v. King · Collins v. Hardyman
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.