Civil Liberties for Urban Believers v. City of Chicago’s Empirical Analysis
342 F.3d 752 · 2003
Citation profile
56 federal appellate · 16 district · 22 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 173 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 2024 · most notably Midrash Sephardi, Inc. v. Town of Surfside (2004), San Jose Christian College v. City of Morgan Hill (2004)
56 federal appellate · 16 district · 22 state decisions — followed in 10 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1367 · 42 U.S.C. § 2000C · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Celotex Corporation v. Catrett H · City of Cleburne Texas v. Cleburne Living Center · Pembaur v. City of Cincinnati · Williamson v. Lee Optical of Oklahoma, Inc. · Ward v. Rock Against Racism
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 173 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“a substantial burden on religious exercise is one that necessarily bears direct, primary, and fundamental responsibility for rendering religious exercise ... effectively impracticable.”
18 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“individualized assessments of the proposed uses for the property involved.”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“[ojtherwise, compliance with RLUIPA would require municipal governments not merely to treat religious land uses on an equal footing with nonreligious land uses, but rather to favor them in the form of an outright exemption from land-use regulations. Unfortunately for Appellants, no such free pass for religious land uses masquerades among the legitimate protections RLUIPA affords to religious exercise.”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.