342 So. 2d 1348 - Rainer v. State’s Empirical Analysis
1977
Citation profile
15 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 15 later decisions — most recently December 1994
15 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Swain v. State of Alabama · Cassell v. Texas · Akins v. Texas · Duncan v. State · Beecher v. State
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 15 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“"Systematic exclusion means a purposeful non-inclusion based solely on race, and the burden of proving discrimination by systematic exclusion is on the defendant. Purposeful discrimination may not be assumed or merely asserted, it must be proved. Mere statistical disparity between the number of blacks presumed eligible for jury duty and the number actually included in the jury roll does not of itself establish a primary inference of invidious discrimination. Cassell v. Texas , 339 U.S. 282 , 70 S.Ct. 629 , 94 L.Ed. 839 ; Akins v. Texas , 325 U.S. 398 , 65 S.Ct. 1276 , 89 L.Ed. 1692 ; Swain v. Alabama , 380 U.S. 202 , 85 S.Ct. 824 , 13 L.Ed.2d 759 ; Beecher v. State , 294 Ala. 674 , 320 So.2d 727 ." Rainer v. State , 342 So.2d 1348 , 1349 (Ala.Cr.App. 1977).”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.