Doremus v. Board of Ed. of Hawthorne’s Empirical Analysis
1952
Citation profile
449 federal appellate · 93 district · 115 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 1,100 later decisions (97 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2025 · most notably Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife (1992), Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Inc. (1982)
449 federal appellate · 93 district · 115 state decisions — followed in 25 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Massachusetts v. Mellon · Everson v. Board of Education · People of State of Illinois McCollum v. Board of Education of School Dist No 71 Champaign County Ill · Libby, McNeill & Libby v. Alaska Industrial Board
Cited together with Flast v. Cohen · Massachusetts v. Mellon · Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Inc. · Warth v. Seldin · Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 1,100 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“The party who invokes the power must be able to show not only that the statute is invalid but that he has sustained or is immediately in danger of sustaining some direct injury as the result of its enforcement, and not merely that he suffers in some indefinite way in common with people generally.”
37 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“direct and particular financial interest.”
22 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“because our own jurisdiction is cast in terms of 'case or controversy,' we cannot accept as the basis for review, nor as the basis for conclusive disposition of an issue of federal law without review, any procedure which does not constitute such.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.