United States v. Cardiff’s Empirical Analysis
1952
Citation profile
86 federal appellate · 14 district · 128 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 323 later decisions (44 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2024 · most notably See v. City of Seattle (1967), United States v. Bass (1971)
86 federal appellate · 14 district · 128 state decisions — followed in 24 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedCardiff v. United States (from Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on United States v. L. Cohen Grocery Co. · McBoyle v. United States · Herndon v. Lowry · United States v. Weitzel
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 323 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“We cannot sanction taking a man by the heels for refusing to grant the permission which this Act on its face apparently gave him the right to withhold. That would be making an act criminal without fair and effective notice.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.