Spencer Enterprises, Inc. v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
345 F.3d 683 · 2003
Citation profile
75 federal appellate · 13 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 147 later decisions — most recently February 2025 · most notably Kwai Fun Wong v. United States (2004), Alaka v. Attorney General of the United States (2006)
75 federal appellate · 13 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner · Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Insurance Co. of America · Califano v. Sanders · Immigration & Naturalization Service v. Ventura · Heckler v. Chaney
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 147 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[e]very federal appellate court has a special obligation to `satisfy itself not only of its own jurisdiction, but also that of the lower courts in a cause under review.'”
5 later decisions quote this exact passagee.g. Oumar Sissoko Julie Sissoko v. Loyda R. Rocha United States of America, Oumar Sissoko, an Individual Julie Sissoko, an Individual v. Alberto R. Gonzales, Attorney General, Attorney General of the United States U.S. Immigration & Naturalization Service Doris Meissner, Commissioner, United States Ins Richard Nmi Rogers, District Director, United States Ins Four Unknown Named Officers, of the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service United States U.S. Public Health Services Joseph Chen, Md Unknown Named Employees of the United States Public Health Services, and Loyda R. Rocha, Immigration Inspector, United States Ins · Oumar Sissoko Julie Sissoko v. Loyda R. Rocha United States of America, Oumar Sissoko, an Individual Julie Sissoko, an Individual v. Alberto R. Gonzales, Attorney General, Attorney General of the United States U.S. Immigration & Naturalization Service Doris Meissner, Commissioner, United States Ins Richard Nmi Rogers, District Director, United States Ins Four Unknown Named Officers, of the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service United States U.S. Public Health Services Joseph Chen, Md Unknown Named Employees of the United States Public Health Services, and Loyda R. Rocha, Immigration Inspector, United States Ins“[e]ven where statutory language grants an agency unfettered discretion, its decision may nonetheless be reviewed if regulations or agency practice provide a meaningful standard by which [a] court may review its exercise of discretion.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“'matters of pure discretion, rather than discretion guided by legal standards.'”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.