United States v. Jackson’s Empirical Analysis
347 F.3d 598 · 2003
Citation profile
15 federal appellate · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 35 later decisions — most recently June 2021 · most notably United States v. Barrett (2007), United States v. Watford (2006)
15 federal appellate · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2115
Relies on Batson v. Kentucky · Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. · Hernandez v. New York · Edmonson v. Leesville Concrete Co. · United States of America v. Anthony Gibbs Richard Hough Donneto Berry Chad Gibbs Robert Curtis Lamont Needum Antwan Woods
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 35 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“the complaining party must first made a prima facie showing that the peremptory challenge was based on race. If the complaining party establishes a prima facie case, the burden of persuasion then shifts to the party making the strike to articulate a race-neutral explanation for removing the juror in question. This explanation ‘need not be particularly persuasive, or even plausible, so long as it is neutral.’ Once a race-neutral explanation is produced, the complaining party must prove purposeful discrimination. Purposeful discrimination may be shown by demonstrating that the proffered explanation is merely a pretext for racial motivation. Throughout the Batson inquiry, the ultimate burden of persuasion always rests with the party challenging the strike.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]here was no evidence of discriminatory intent inherent in the government's proffered explanation ..., and [Cleveland] made no attempt to argue to the district court that the explanation was a pretext for discrimination. Furthermore, [Cleveland] has not asserted any arguments on appeal that suggest the district court plainly erred by overruling his objection.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]he district court concluded that the government had come forward with a legitimate, non-discriminatory reason for its peremptory challenge, and [Cleveland] did not object to the court's ruling or attempt to rebut the government's proffered explanation by arguing that it was a pretext for discrimination.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.