Ledbetter v. Edwards’s Empirical Analysis
35 F.3d 1062 · 1994
Citation profile
38 federal appellate · 3 district · 20 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 119 later decisions — most recently March 2023 · most notably State v. Bays (1999), United States v. Crozier (2001)
38 federal appellate · 3 district · 20 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on Miranda v. State of Arizona Vignera · Schneckloth v. Bustamonte · Simmons v. United States · Neil v. Biggers · Manson v. Brathwaite
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 119 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[a] defendant's will is not overborne simply because he is led to believe that the government's knowledge of his guilt is greater than it actually is”
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. McCalvin v. Yukins · State v. Galli“[N]ot all psychological tactics are unconstitutional. In determining whether a confession has been elicited by means that are unconstitutional, this court looks to the totality of the circumstances concerning 'whether a defendant's will was overborne in a particular case.'”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) the opportunity of the witness to view the criminal at the time of the crime; (2) the -witness’s degree of attention at the time of observation; (3) the accuracy of the witness’s prior description of the criminal; (4) the level of certainty demonstrated by the witness when confronting the defendant; and (5) the length of time between the crime and the confrontation.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.