Kernats v. O'Sullivan’s Empirical Analysis
35 F.3d 1171 · 1994
Citation profile
62 federal appellate · 1 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 144 later decisions — most recently March 2025 · most notably Bennett v. City of Eastpointe (2005), Willie Jacobs and Linda Siller v. City of Chicago (2000)
62 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York · Harlow v. Fitzgerald · Anderson v. Creighton · Graham v. Connor
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 144 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]he contours of the right [are] sufficiently clear that a reasonable official would understand that what he is doing violates that right.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“[u]nder this test, a fleeing suspect--even one who is confronted with an obvious show of authority--is not seized until his freedom of movement is terminated by intentional application of physical force or by the suspect's submission to the asserted authority.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“government officials performing discretionary functions, generally are shielded from liability for civil damages insofar as their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.