United States v. Middleton’s Empirical Analysis
1999
Citation profile
Relationships
Applies 1 U.S.C. § 1 (Born-Alive Infants Protection Act of 2002) · 18 U.S.C. § 1030 (Computer Fraud and Abuse Act) · 18 U.S.C. § 18
Relies on Clinton v. City of New York · United States v. Ayers · United States v. Alber · United States v. Buckley · United States v. Long
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 2 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“loss aggregating at least $5,000 in value during any 1-year period to one or more individuals.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“the statute encompasses damage sustained by a business entity as well as by a natural person.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“used in interstate or foreign commerce or communication.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.