Murray v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
351 F.2d 330 · 1965
Citation profile
26 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 31 later decisions — most recently October 1985 · most notably United States v. Brown (1976), Fullbright v. United States (1968)
26 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113
Relies on Carroll v. United States · Brinegar v. United States · Beck v. State of Ohio · United States v. Ventresca · Henry v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 31 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““In dealing with probable cause, however, as the very name implies, we deal with probabilities. These’ are not technical; they are the factual and practical considerations of everyday life on which reasonable and prudent men, not legal technicians, act. The standard of proof is accordingly correlative to what must be proved. “ ‘The substance of all the definitions’ of probable cause ‘is a reasonable ground for belief of guilt.’ * * * Probable cause exists where ‘the facts and circumstances within their [the officers’] knowledge and of which they had reasonably trustworthy information [are] sufficient in themselves to warrant a man of reasonable caution in the belief that’ an offense has or is being committed.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. State v. Rees“practical, nontechnical conception affording the best compromise that has been found for accomodating these often opposing interests. Requiring more would unduly hamper law enforcement. To allow less would be to leave law-abiding citizens at the mercy of the officers' whim or caprice.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Karr v. Smith
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.