United States v. Boyce’s Empirical Analysis
351 F.3d 1102 · 2003
Citation profile
28 federal appellate · 5 district · 5 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 111 later decisions — most recently September 2024 · most notably United States v. Spoerke (2009), Evans v. Stephens (2005)
28 federal appellate · 5 district · 5 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Terry v. Ohio · Reid v. Georgia · United States v. Wood · United States v. Smith · United States v. Holt
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 111 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[T]he fact that [the defendant] was driving a rental car on a widely used interstate that also happens to be a known drug corridor, does not create a reasonable suspicion in this case. These factors 'would likely apply to a considerable number of those traveling for perfectly legitimate purposes' and 'do[] not reasonably provide . . . suspicion of criminal activity.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“We review the district court’s denial of a motion to suppress evidence as a mixed question of law and fact. The district court’s findings of fact are viewed under the clearly erroneous standard; its application of the law to those facts is subject to de novo review. We also construe all facts in the light most favorable to the prevailing party in the district court — here, the government.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“recognized that there are two possible tests for when a police investigation exceeds the scope of a routine traffic stop.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.