Pennsylvania Railroad v. Rychlik’s Empirical Analysis
1957
Citation profile
106 federal appellate · 18 district · 10 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 191 later decisions (11 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2009 · most notably International Ass'n of MacHinists v. Street (1961), 14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett (2009)
106 federal appellate · 18 district · 10 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedRychlik v. Pennsylvania Railroad (from Second Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Applies 29 U.S.C. § 151 (§ 1 of the National Labor Relations Act) · 45 U.S.C. § 152 (Railway Labor Act) · 45 U.S.C. § 153 (Railway Labor Act) · 45 U.S.C. § 154 (Railway Labor Act)
Relies on Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath · Steele v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad · Elgin Ry Co v. Burley · United States v. Pierce Auto Freight Lines, Inc. · Slocum v. Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 191 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““(c) The requirement of membership in a labor organization in an agreement made pursuant to subparagraph (a) of this paragraph shall be satisfied, as to both a present or future employee in engine, train, yard, or hostling service, that is, an employee engaged in any of the services or capacities covered in the Eirst Division of paragraph (h) of section 153 of this title, defining the jurisdictional scope of the Eirst Divison of the National Railroad Adjustment Board, if said employee shall hold or acquire membership in any one of the labor organizations, national in scope, organized in accordance with this chapter and admitting to membership employees of a craft or class in any of said services; and no agreement made pursuant to subparagraph (b) of this paragraph shall provide for deductions from his wages for periodic dues, initiation fees, or assessments payable to any labor organization other than that in which he holds membership: Provided, however, That as to an employee in any of said services on a particular carrier at the effective date of any such agreement on a carrier, who is not a member of any one of the labor organizations, national in scope, organized in accordance with this chapter and admitting to membership employees of a craft or class in any of said services, such employee, as a condition of continuing his employment, may be required to become a member of the organization representing the craft in which he is employed on the effective date of the first ag”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“[t]he requirement of membership in a labor organization in [a union shop] shall be satisfied ... if said employee shall hold or acquire membership in any one of the labor organizations, national in scope, organized in accordance with this chapter.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“[A]ny carrier or carriers ... and a labor organization or labor organizations ... shall be permitted — (a) to make agreements, requiring, as a condition of continued employment, that within sixty days following the beginning of such employment, or the effective date of such agreements, whichever is the later, all employees shall become members of the labor organization representing their craft or class....”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.