Government & Civic Employees Organizing Committee v. Windsor’s Empirical Analysis
1957
Citation profile
106 federal appellate · 63 district · 15 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 375 later decisions (35 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2024 · most notably Zwickler v. Koota (1967), England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners (1964)
106 federal appellate · 63 district · 15 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2281
Relies on Spector Motor Service, Inc. v. McLaughlin · Rescue Army v. Municipal Court of Los Angeles · Cities Service Gas Producing Company v. Federal Power Commission · McGann v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 375 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“retain jurisdiction until efforts to obtain an appropriate adjudication in the state courts have been exhausted.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“in such a manner as to render it unconstitutional.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“none of the constitutional contentions presented in the action pending in the United States District Court were advanced in the state court action”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.