Perez v. Brownell’s Empirical Analysis
1958
Citation profile
124 federal appellate · 31 district · 14 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 275 later decisions (37 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2026 · most notably Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez (1963), Trop v. Dulles (1958)
124 federal appellate · 31 district · 14 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. A case is still cited after being overruled — to note the reversal, distinguish it, or in dissent. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedPerez v. Brownell (from Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals)
Relationships
Relies on Adams v. United States Ex Rel. McCann · United States v. Harriss · Trop v. Dulles · United Public Workers of America v. Mitchell · Dennis v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 275 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““ * * * The judicial hearing in such an action is a trial de novo in which the individual need make only a prima facie case establishing his citizenship by birth or naturalization. See Pandolfo v. Acheson, 2 Cir., 202 F.2d 38 , 40-41. The Government must prove the act of expatriation on which the denial was based by ‘ “clear, unequivocal, and convincing” evidence which does not leave “the issue in doubt”.’ Gonzales v. Landon, 350 U.S. 920 , 76 S.Ct. 210 , 100 L.Ed. 806 ; see Schneiderman v. United States, 320 U.S. 118 , 158, 63 S.Ct. 1333 , 1352, 87 L.Ed. 1796 .””
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“"The States that joined together to form a single Nation and to create, through the Constitution, a Federal Government to conduct the affairs of that Nation must be held to have granted that Government the powers indispensable to its functioning effectively in the company of sovereign nations. The Government must be able not only to deal affirmatively with foreign nations, as it does through the maintenance of diplomatic relations with them and the protection of American citizens sojourning within their territories. It must also be able to reduce to a minimum the frictions that are unavoidable in a world of sovereigns sensitive in matters touching their dignity and interests."”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[W]hat is the source of power on which Congress must be assumed to have drawn? Although there is in the Constitution no specific grant to Congress of power to enact legislation for the effective regulation of foreign affairs, there can be no doubt of the existence of this power in the law-making organ of the Nation.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.