United States v. Procter & Gamble Co.’s Empirical Analysis
1958
Citation profile
970 federal appellate · 348 district · 549 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 3,117 later decisions (52 by the Supreme Court) — most recently December 2025 · most notably Mitsubishi Motors Corporation v. Soler Chrysler-Plymouth Inc Soler Chrysler-Plymouth Inc (1985), Dennis v. United States (1966)
970 federal appellate · 348 district · 549 state decisions — followed in 40 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 15 U.S.C. § 1 (§ 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act) · 15 U.S.C. § 29 · 15 U.S.C. § 30 · 15 U.S.C. § 4 (§ 4 of the Sherman Antitrust Act) · 28 U.S.C. § 1 (Bankruptcy Judgeship Act of 1992)
Relies on Hickman v. Taylor · United States v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co. · Costello v. United States · Jencks v. United States
Cited together with Douglas Oil Company of California v. Petrol Stops Northwest · Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company v. United States · Dennis v. United States · United States v. Sells Engineering, Inc. · United States v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 3,117 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“long-established policy that maintains the secrecy of the grand jury proceedings in the federal courts.”
116 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(1) To prevent the escape of those whose indictment may be contemplated; (2) to insure the utmost freedom to the grand jury in its deliberations, and to prevent persons subject to indictment or their friends from importuning the grand jurors; (3) to prevent subornation of perjury or tampering with the witnesses who may testify before grand jury and later appear at the trial of those indicted by it; (4) to encourage free and untrammeled disclosures by persons who have information with respect to the commission of crimes; (5) to protect innocent accused who is exonerated from disclosure of the fact that he has been under investigation, and from the expense of standing trial where there was no probability of guilt.”
115 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“using criminal procedures to elicit evidence in a civil case. If the prosecution were using that device, it would be flouting the policy of the law.”
14 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.