357 Pa. Super. 38 - Commonwealth v. Cardwell’s Empirical Analysis
1986
Citation profile
2 federal appellate · 53 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 57 later decisions — most recently April 2021 · most notably 420 Pa. Super. 311 - Commonwealth v. Cottam (1992), 373 Pa. Super. 116 - Commonwealth v. Ogin (1988)
2 federal appellate · 53 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Commonwealth v. Jackson · 324 Pa. Super. 420 - Commonwealth v. Taylor · 345 Pa. Super. 10 - Commonwealth v. Barnhart · Commonwealth v. MacK · 265 Pa. Super. 535 - Commonwealth v. Howard
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 57 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“We hold that evidence is sufficient to prove the intent element of the offense of endangering the welfare of a child, 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 4304, when the accused is aware of his or her duty to protect the child; is aware that the child is in circumstances that threaten the child’s physical or psychological welfare; and has either failed to act or has taken actions so lame or meager that such actions cannot reasonably be expected to be effective to protect the child’s physical or psychological welfare.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage“(2) A person acts knowingly with respect to a material element of an offense when: (i) if the element involves the nature of his conduct or attendant circumstances, he is aware that his conduct is of that nature or that such circumstances exist; and (ii) if the element involves a result of his conduct, he is aware that it is practically certain that his conduct will cause such a result.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage“§ 4304. Endangering welfare of children (a) Offense defined. — A parent, guardian, or other person supervising the welfare of a child under 18 years of age commits an offense if he knowingly endangers the welfare of the child by violating a duty of care, protection or support.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.