United States v. Munoz’s Empirical Analysis
36 F.3d 1229 · 1994
Citation profile
53 federal appellate · 10 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 86 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently May 2020 · most notably Old Chief v. United States (1997), United States v. Saccoccia (1995)
53 federal appellate · 10 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
reviewedthe decision below (from Massachusetts District Court)
Relationships
Applies 21 U.S.C. § 812 (§ 202 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Boykin v. Alabama · Pinkerton v. United States · Cupp v. Naughten · Harmelin v. Michigan · Needler v. Valley National Bank of Arizona
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 86 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“In the usual case, what is foreseeable depends on the scope of the defendant's agreement with the other participants in the criminal enterprise.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“To withdraw, a conspirator must take some affirmative action 'either to defeat or disavow the purposes of the conspiracy.'”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“one of 'unfair' prejudice -- not of prejudice alone.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.