Ward v. Hester’s Empirical Analysis
1973
Citation profile
33 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 33 later decisions — most recently February 2018 · most notably Toney v. Berkemer (1983), 175 W. Va. 165 - Bell v. Inland Mutual Insurance (1985)
33 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Societe Internationale Pour Participations Industrielles Et Commerciales, S. A. v. Rogers · Gill v. Stolow · Dorsey v. Academy Moving & Storage, Inc. · Bollard v. Volkswagen of America, Inc.
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 33 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““In lieu of any of the foregoing orders or in addition thereto, the court shall require the party failing to obey the order or the attorney advising him or both to pay the reasonable expenses, including attorney’s fees, caused by the failure, unless the court expressly finds that the failure was substantially justified or that other circumstances make an award of expenses unjust.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.