360 F. Supp. 1247 - Hackley v. Johnson’s Empirical Analysis
1973
Citation profile
40 federal appellate · 15 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 94 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently March 1996 · most notably Chandler v. Roudebush (1976), Ralph M. Hackley v. Richard L. Roudebush, Administrator of Veterans Affairs (1975)
40 federal appellate · 15 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 717 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 706 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Polcover v. Secretary of Treasury
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 94 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[Determines that an absence of discrimination is affirmatively established by the clear weight of the evidence in the record .... If this exacting standard is not met, the Court shall, in its discretion, as appropriate, remand, take testimony to supplement the administrative record, or grant the plaintiff relief on the administrative record.”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority““(c) Within thirty days of receipt of notice of final action by a department, . . . or by the Civil Service Commission upon an appeal from a decision or order of such department, agency, or unit on a complaint of discrimination based on race, . brought pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, Executive Order 11478 or any succeeding Executive orders, ... an employee or applicant for employment, if aggrieved by the final disposition of his complaint, may file a civil action as provided in section 2000e-5 of this title, in which civil action the head of the department, agency, or unit, as appropriate, shall be the defendant.” 42 U.S. C.A. § 2000e-16(c). (Emphasis added).”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Baca v. Butz · Ficklin v. Sabatini““This conclusion is also supported by the rest of the Act’s [42 U.S.C. 2000(e) et seq. as amended in 1972] language and by common sense. It is clear the Court was authorized to act if the administrative process was delayed. Congress wanted prompt and consistent decisions in these discrimination matters. A trial de novo does not accomplish this but rather works in the opposite direction for a wholly new record must be made and opportunity for reasonable discovery provided. Moreover, it is difficult, as the present cases illustrate, to differentiate between pure discrimination claims and the underlying intricacies of civil service regulations governing job qualification selection for promotion, training and the like. The Commission’s growing expertise in these latter areas, emphasizes that an automatic trial de novo will not serve the laudable purpose of the Act.” 360 F.Supp. 1252 .”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.