Escalera v. Lunn’s Empirical Analysis
361 F.3d 737 · 2004
Citation profile
36 federal appellate · 22 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 181 later decisions — most recently October 2023 · most notably Jenkins v. City of New York (2007), Walczyk v. Rio (2007)
36 federal appellate · 22 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Franks v. Delaware · Johnson v. Jones · Weyant v. Okst · Golino v. City of New Haven · Caldarola v. Calabrese
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 181 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“officers of reasonable competence could disagree on whether the probable cause test was met.”
12 later decisions quote this exact passage“Probable cause to arrest exists when the arresting officer has knowledge or reasonably trustworthy information of facts and circumstances that are sufficient to warrant a person of reasonable caution in the belief that the person to be arrested has committed or is committing a crime.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage“circumstances where the qualified immunity defense may be established as a matter of law.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.