Notaro v. United States’s Empirical Analysis
363 F.2d 169 · 1966
Citation profile
151 federal appellate · 29 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 189 later decisions — most recently August 2017 · most notably United States v. Sun Myung Moon (1983), 98 Wash. 2d 484 - State v. McCullum (1983)
151 federal appellate · 29 state decisions — followed in 19 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Relies on Sorrells v. United States · Sherman v. United States · Lopez v. United States · Stoner v. California · United States v. Sherman
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 189 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“If, then, the jury should find beyond a reasonable doubt from the evidence in the case that before anything at all occurred respecting the alleged offense involved in this ease, the accused was ready and willing to commit crimes such as charged in the indictment, whenever opportunity was offered and that the Government agents did no more than offer the opportunity, the accused is not entitled to the defense of unlawful entrapment. On the other hand, if the jury should find from the evidence in the case that the accused had no previous intent or purpose to commit any offense of the character here charged, and did so only because he was induced or persuaded by some agent of the Government, then the defense of unlawful entrapment is a good defense and a jury should acquit the defendant.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[I]n such cases two questions of fact arise: (1) did the agent induce the accused to commit the offense charged in the indictment; (2) if so, was the accused ready and willing without persuasion and was he awaiting any propositious opportunity to commit the offense. On the first question the accused has the burden; on the second the prosecution has it. United States v. Sherman, 200 F.2d 880 , 882-83 (2 Cir. 1952).”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“paramount requirement that the jury in a criminal case be guided by instructions framed in language which is unmistakably clear.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.