United States v. Brown’s Empirical Analysis
367 F.3d 549 · 2004
Citation profile
10 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 34 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 2025 · most notably Dixon v. United States (2006), United States v. Williams (2005)
10 federal appellate · 2 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 922 (Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act)
Relies on In the Matter of Samuel Winship · Patterson v. New York · Estelle v. Williams · Buford v. United States · United States v. Bonds
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 34 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[If an affirmative defense bears a necessary relationship to an element of the charged offense, the burden of proof does not shift to defendant.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. People v. Pickering
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.