Quintero v. Bell

¶5OPINION

¶6ALAN E. NORRIS, Circuit Judge.

¶7Petitioner Derrick Quintero brought this action for a writ of habeas corpus in federal district court, alleging that he had suffered ineffective assistance of counsel because his attorney failed to object to the presence of seven jurors who had served on the juries that convicted his co-eonspir-ators. The district court conditionally granted the writ, and we affirmed in a published opinion. Quintero v. Bell, 256 F.3d 409 (6th Cir.2001). Respondent warden filed a petition for certiorari with the United States Supreme Court. The Supreme Court granted certiorari and vacated our opinion, remanding for reconsideration in light of its opinion in Bell v. Cone, 535 U.S. 685, 122 S.Ct. 1843, 152 L.Ed.2d 914 (2002). Bell v. Quintero, 535 U.S. 1109, 122 S.Ct. 2324, 153 L.Ed.2d 152 (2002). Because Cone is distinguishable on its facts, we affirm the judgment of the district court and reinstate our original opinion.

¶8In Cone, the Supreme Court reversed a decision of this court granting a petitioner a writ of habeas corpus. In that case, the petitioner, Cone, had been sentenced to death at a hearing in which his counsel failed to introduce any evidence of mitigation or make a closing statement. We determined that defense counsel’s failures were so egregious that they permitted a presumption of prejudice, relying on the Supreme Court’s decision in United States v. Cronic, 466 U.S. 648, 104 S.Ct. 2039, 80 L.Ed.2d 657 (1984). In Cronic, the Supreme Court permitted prejudice to be presumed where “counsel entirely fail[ed] to subject the prosecution’s case to meaningful adversarial testing, [creating] a denial of Sixth Amendment rights that ma[de] the adversary process itself presumptively unreliable.” Cronic, 466 U.S. at 659,104 S.Ct. 2039.

¶9The Supreme Court disagreed with our application of the rule in Cronic to Cone’s case. The Court determined that because “his counsel [did not] fail[] to oppose the prosecution throughout the sentencing proceeding as a whole, but ... failed to do so at specific points[,]” Cone was not entitled to a presumption of prejudice, because that presumption arose under Cronic only “if counsel entirely fail[ed] to subject the prosecution’s case to meaningful adversarial testing.” Cone, 535 U.S. at 697, 122 S.Ct. 1843 (quoting Cronic, 466 U.S. at 659, 104 S.Ct. 2039) (emphasis in original).

¶10On reviewing the Supreme Court’s decision in Cone and the facts of this case, we conclude that the case at bar is distinguishable. Because the alleged deficient performance in Cone affected only specified parts of Cone’s trial, prejudice could not be presumed. In the case at bar, on the other hand, counsel’s acquiescence in allowing seven jurors who had convicted petitioner’s co-conspirators to sit in judgment of his case surely amounted to an abandonment of “meaningful adversarial testing” throughout the proceeding, making “the adversary process itself presumptively unreliable.” Cronic, 466 U.S. at 659, 104 S.Ct. 2039. Accordingly, Cone is distinguishable, and petitioner is entitled to a presumption of prejudice.

¶11For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the district court is affirmed and our previous opinion in this matter, Quintero v. Bell, 256 F.3d 409 (6th Cir.2001), is reinstated.