¶1*1273 J. Wilson Dinsmore and D. Larry Waites, Birmingham, for petitioner.
¶2William J. Baxley and Charles A. Graddick, Attys. Gen., Montgomery, and James L. O'Kelley and J. Anthony McLain, Asst. Attys. Gen., Birmingham, for the State, opposed.
¶3BEATTY, Justice.
¶4Certiorari was automatically granted in this "robbery-intentional killing" conviction under the Alabama Death Penalty Act, § 13-11-5, Ala.Code of 1975; Rule 39(c), ARAP.
¶5The pertinent facts are found in the opinion of the Court of Criminal Appeals, Watters v. State, 369 So.2d 1262 (Ala.Cr.App., 1978). We reverse and remand.
¶6The Court of Criminal Appeals has jurisdiction to review a decision in which the death penalty is imposed, §§ 12-3-9, XX-XX-XXX, Ala.Code of 1975, and that Court has the duty to examine the entire record to determine whether any error exists prejudicial to the defendant. Lee v. State, 265 Ala. 623, 93 So.2d 757 (1957). The terms of § 12-22-241, Ala.Code of 1975, authorizing the appellate court to consider any testimony seriously prejudicial even in the absence of objection, do not limit that duty to the transcript of the evidence. Cf. Lee v. State, supra.
¶7On certiorari to the Court of Criminal Appeals, this Court will not review the findings of fact of the Court of Criminal Appeals but will review questions of law, which may include misapplication of law to the facts as found by that Court. Flannagin v. State, 289 Ala. 177, 266 So.2d 643 (1972).
¶8In fulfilling our duty to review the opinion of the Court of Criminal Appeals for errors of law we have found that in its September Session of 1976 the Grand Jury of Jefferson County returned an indictment charging that the defendant Timothy Watters:
[D]id attempt to feloniously take Twenty Five Dollars and Seventy Five Cents of the lawful currency of the United States *1274 of America, . . . the personal property of Anthony Joseph Campisi, from his person and against his will, by violence. . . and the said defendant in the course of said attempt to commit such robbery, did intentially [sic] kill Anthony Joseph Campisi by shooting him with a shotgun, . . .
¶9However, from the entry of judgment on April 13, 1977 it clearly appears that the defendant was found guilty of an offense not charged in the indictment:
This the 13th day of April, 1977, said jurors upon their oaths do say, `We, the jury, find the defendant guilty of Murder as charged in the indictment and fix his punishment at death'. It is therefore considered by the Court, and it is the judgment of the Court that said defendant is guilty of Capital Murder as charged in the indictment, in accordance with the verdict of the jury in this cause,. . . (emphasis added)
¶10Nowhere in the indictment is Murder charged against the defendant; nowhere in the judgment is petitioner pronounced guilty of attempted robbery in which the victim is intentionally killed. Therefore, there is a fatal variance between the indictment and the judgment, and the judgment cannot stand. Aiola v. State, 39 Ala.App. 215, 96 So.2d 816 (1957). Further, even if Murder were charged against the defendant such an offense is not one for which the death penalty can be imposed because it is not listed in our Death Penalty Act, § 13-11-2, Ala.Code of 1975.
¶11In § 15-17-1, Ala.Code of 1975 the legislature of this state provided for the jury's finding of guilt for a lesser offense than that charged in the indictment:
When an indictment charges an offense of which there are different degrees, the jury may find the defendant not guilty of the degree charged and guilty of any degree inferior thereto or of an attempt to commit the offense charged; and the defendant may also be found guilty of any offense which is necessarily included in that with which he is charged, whether it be a felony or a misdemeanor.
¶12However, it is clear from the terms of the Death Penalty Act that there are no lesser included offenses such as murder within the offense for which this defendant was indicted. Section 13-11-1, Ala.Code of 1975 provides:
Except in cases enumerated and described in section 13-11-2, neither a court nor a jury shall fix the punishment for the commission of treason, felony or other offenses at death, and the death penalty or a life sentence without parole shall be fixed as punishment only in the cases and in the manner herein enumerated and described in section 13-11-2. In all cases where no aggravated circumstances enumerated in section 13-11-2 are expressly averred in the indictment, the trial shall proceed as now provided by law, except that the death penalty or life imprisonment without parole shall not be given, and the indictment shall include all lesser offenses.
¶13Because there were no offenses for which the defendant could be found guilty under the indictment other than attempted robbery in which the victim was intentionally killed, the trial court erred in entering judgment on the strength of a jury verdict finding the defendant guilty of murder and the Court of Criminal Appeals erred in affirming that judgment. Therefore this cause must be reversed and the cause remanded to the Court of Criminal Appeals for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion, and it is so ordered.
¶14REVERSED AND REMANDED.
¶15TORBERT, C. J., and BLOODWORTH and EMBRY, JJ., concur.
¶16JONES and SHORES, JJ., concur specially.
¶17ALMON, J., concurs specially.
¶18MADDOX and FAULKNER, JJ., dissent.
¶19JONES and SHORES, Justices (concurring specially):
¶20As in the case of Clements v. State, 370 So.2d 723 (Ala.1979), we concur in the result of the majority opinion to reverse the *1275 conviction and remand the case to the Court of Criminal Appeals.
¶21As in Clements, the indictment charging robbery when the victim is intentionally killed by the defendant is good. The trial Judge's oral instructions to the jury, except for the repeated use of the word, "murder," is virtually a model jury instruction, evincing a comprehensive grasp of the Alabama Death Penalty Statute and its application. Unquestionably, "murder" was used to mean merely the killing of one human being by another. Indeed, we first felt that its use was not error because the context in which the trial Judge referred to the death or the killing as "murder" rendered its use harmless. But this analysis fails in the face of the trial Judge's description of the charge in the indictment "Now, this Defendant. . . is charged with murder under the Alabama Death Penalty Act. . ." and the jury verdict form "We, the jury, find the Defendant guilty of murder as charged in the indictment . . ." See our concurring opinion in Clements v. State, supra.
¶22As to the sentencing aspects of the statute in question, we still adhere to the views expressed in our separate dissenting opinions in Jacobs v. State, 361 So.2d 641 (Ala. 1978).
¶23ALMON, Justice (concurring specially).
¶24I vote to reverse the judgment because the indictment charged that petitioner, inter alia, "did intentially [sic] kill . . ." whereas the verdict found petitioner "guilty of Murder as charged in the indictment. . ." The jury was not charged on the elements of murder. I consider the oral charge which refers to murder and intentional killing as being synonymous, to have been confusing and erroneous.
¶25Clements v. State, ___ So.2d ___ (Ala. 1979) is distinguishable because there the indictment and verdict were for first degree murder and the judge charged the jury on the elements of first degree murder.
ON REHEARING
¶27BEATTY, Justice.
¶28Justice Jones withdraws from special concurrence with Justice Shores and files dissenting opinion.
¶29APPLICATION FOR REHEARING OVERRULED.
¶30TORBERT, C. J., and BLOODWORTH and EMBRY, JJ., concur.
¶31SHORES, J., concurs specially.
¶32ALMON, J., concurs specially.
¶33MADDOX, FAULKNER and JONES, JJ., dissent.
¶34JONES, Justice (dissenting):
¶35On reconsideration of my position stated in the concurring opinion in this case, I have changed my mind and I would now vote to affirm.
¶37Certiorari was automatically granted in this "robbery-intentional killing" conviction under the Alabama Death Penalty Act, § 13-11-5, Ala. Code of 1975; Rule 39 (c), ARAP.
¶38The pertinent facts are found in the opinion of the Court of Criminal Appeals, Watters v. State, 369 So.2d 1262 (Ala.Cr.App., 1978). We reverse and remand.
¶39The Court of Criminal Appeals has jurisdiction to review a decision in which the death penalty is imposed, §§ 12-3-9,12-22-131, Ala. Code of 1975, and that Court has the duty to examine the entire record to determine whether any error exists prejudicial to the defendant. Lee v. State, 265 Ala. 623,93 So.2d 757 (1957). The terms of § 12-22-241, Ala. Code of 1975, authorizing the appellate court to consider any testimony seriously prejudicial even in the absence of objection, do not limit that duty to the transcript of the evidence. Cf. Lee v.State, supra.
¶40On certiorari to the Court of Criminal Appeals, this Court will not review the findings of fact of the Court of Criminal Appeals but will review questions of law, which may include misapplication of law to the facts as found by that Court.Flannagin v. State, 289 Ala. 177, 266 So.2d 643 (1972).
¶41In fulfilling our duty to review the opinion of the Court of Criminal Appeals for errors of law we have found that in its September Session of 1976 the Grand Jury of Jefferson County returned an indictment charging that the defendant Timothy Watters:
¶42 [D]id attempt to feloniously take Twenty Five Dollars and Seventy Five Cents of the lawful currency of the United States *1274 of America, . . . the personal property of Anthony Joseph Campisi, from his person and against his will, by violence . . . and the said defendant in the course of said attempt to commit such robbery, did intentially [sic] kill Anthony Joseph Campisi by shooting him with a shotgun, . . .
¶43However, from the entry of judgment on April 13, 1977 it clearly appears that the defendant was found guilty of an offense not charged in the indictment:
¶44 This the 13th day of April, 1977, said jurors upon their oaths do say, `We, the jury, find the defendant guilty of Murder as charged in the indictment and fix his punishment at death'. It is therefore considered by the Court, and it is the judgment of the Court that said defendant is guilty of Capital Murder as charged in the indictment, in accordance with the verdict of the jury in this cause, . . . (emphasis added)
¶45Nowhere in the indictment is Murder charged against the defendant; nowhere in the judgment is petitioner pronounced guilty of attempted robbery in which the victim is intentionally killed. Therefore, there is a fatal variance between the indictment and the judgment, and the judgment cannot stand. Aiolav. State, 39 Ala. App. 215, 96 So.2d 816 (1957). Further, even ifMurder were charged against the defendant such an offense is not one for which the death penalty can be imposed because it is not listed in our Death Penalty Act, § 13-11-2, Ala. Code of 1975.
¶46In § 15-17-1, Ala. Code of 1975 the legislature of this state provided for the jury's finding of guilt for a lesser offense than that charged in the indictment:
¶47 When an indictment charges an offense of which there are different degrees, the jury may find the defendant not guilty of the degree charged and guilty of any degree inferior thereto or of an attempt to commit the offense charged; and the defendant may also be found guilty of any offense which is necessarily included in that with which he is charged, whether it be a felony or a misdemeanor.
¶48However, it is clear from the terms of the Death Penalty Act that there are no lesser included offenses — such as murder — withinthe offense for which this defendant was indicted. Section 13-11-1, Ala. Code of 1975 provides:
¶49 Except in cases enumerated and described in section 13-11-2, neither a court nor a jury shall fix the punishment for the commission of treason, felony or other offenses at death, and the death penalty or a life sentence without parole shall be fixed as punishment only in the cases and in the manner herein enumerated and described in section 13-11-2. In all cases where no aggravated circumstances enumerated in section 13-11-2 are expressly averred in the indictment, the trial shall proceed as now provided by law, except that the death penalty or life imprisonment without parole shall not be given, and the indictment shall include all lesser offenses.
¶50Because there were no offenses for which the defendant could be found guilty under the indictment other than attempted robbery in which the victim was intentionally killed, the trial court erred in entering judgment on the strength of a jury verdict finding the defendant guilty of murder and the Court of Criminal Appeals erred in affirming that judgment. Therefore this cause must be reversed and the cause remanded to the Court of Criminal Appeals for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion, and it is so ordered.
¶51REVERSED AND REMANDED.
¶52TORBERT, C.J., and BLOODWORTH and EMBRY, JJ., concur.
¶53JONES and SHORES, JJ., concur specially.
¶54ALMON, J., concurs specially.
¶55MADDOX and FAULKNER, JJ., dissent.
¶57As in the case of Clements v. State, 370 So.2d 723 (Ala. 1979), we concur in the result of the majority opinion to reverse the *1275 conviction and remand the case to the Court of Criminal Appeals.
¶58As in Clements, the indictment — charging robbery when the victim is intentionally killed by the defendant — is good. The trial Judge's oral instructions to the jury, except for the repeated use of the word, "murder," is virtually a model jury instruction, evincing a comprehensive grasp of the Alabama Death Penalty Statute and its application. Unquestionably, "murder" was used to mean merely the killing of one human being by another. Indeed, we first felt that its use was not error because the context in which the trial Judge referred to the death or the killing as "murder" rendered its use harmless. But this analysis fails in the face of the trial Judge's description of the charge in the indictment — "Now, this Defendant . . . is charged with murder under the Alabama Death Penalty Act . . ." — and the jury verdict form — "We, the jury, find the Defendant guilty of murder as charged in the indictment . . ." See our concurring opinion in Clements v. State, supra.
¶59As to the sentencing aspects of the statute in question, we still adhere to the views expressed in our separate dissenting opinions in Jacobs v. State, 361 So.2d 641 (Ala. 1978).
¶61I vote to reverse the judgment because the indictment charged that petitioner, inter alia, "did intentially [sic] kill . . ." whereas the verdict found petitioner "guilty of Murder as charged in the indictment . . ." The jury was not charged on the elements of murder. I consider the oral charge which refers to murder and intentional killing as being synonymous, to have been confusing and erroneous.
¶62Clements v. State, 370 So.2d 723 (Ala. 1979) is distinguishable because there the indictment and verdict were for first degree murder and the judge charged the jury on the elements of first degree murder.
¶64Justice Jones withdraws from special concurrence with Justice Shores and files dissenting opinion.
¶65APPLICATION FOR REHEARING OVERRULED.
¶66TORBERT, C.J., and BLOODWORTH and EMBRY, JJ., concur.
¶67SHORES, J., concurs specially.
¶68ALMON, J., concurs specially.
¶69MADDOX, FAULKNER and JONES, JJ., dissent.
¶71On reconsideration of my position stated in the concurring opinion in this case, I have changed my mind and I would now vote to affirm.