United States v. Howell’s Empirical Analysis
37 F.3d 1197 · 1994
Citation profile
49 federal appellate · 3 district · 8 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 74 later decisions — most recently October 2020 · most notably United States v. Magana (1997), United States v. Hudspeth (1994)
49 federal appellate · 3 district · 8 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 922 (Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act) · 18 U.S.C. § 924
Relies on Jackson v. Virginia · Taylor v. United States · Custis v. United States · Kuntz v. City of Dayton · Cox v. State of Louisiana
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 74 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““the one misleading the defendant be an official of the [government]; that he actively mislead the defendant; and that the defendant’s reliance be actual and reasonable in light of the identity of the official, the point of law represented, and the substance of the misrepresentation.””
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The essence of this case is that Mr. Howell could not have purchased firearms lawfully because he was a felon. The jury was entitled to conclude, beyond a reasonable doubt, that Mrs. Howell was no more than a straw purchaser, “an eligible purchaser who is acting as an agent, intermediary, or ‘straivs purchaser’ for someone’’ who is ineligible to purchase the firearm directly.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“In essence, it applies when, acting with actual or apparent authority, a government official affirmatively assures the defendant that certain conduct is legal and the defendant reasonably believes that official.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.