Crawford v. Runyon’s Empirical Analysis
37 F.3d 1338 · 1994
Citation profile
80 federal appellate · 58 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 319 later decisions — most recently March 2016 · most notably Torgerson v. City of Rochester (2011), Wooten v. Farmland Foods (1995)
80 federal appellate · 58 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 29 U.S.C. § 701 (Employment Opportunities for Individuals With Disabilities Act) · 5 U.S.C. § 7702 · 5 U.S.C. § 7703
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · California v. ARC America Corp. · Wrenn v. Weinberger · Smithson v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 319 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[b]ecause discrimination cases often depend on inferences rather than on direct evidence, summary judgment should not be granted unless the evidence could not support any reasonable inference for the non-movant.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage“summary judgment should seldom be used in employment-discrimination cases.”
8 later decisions quote this exact passage“there is no dispute of fact and where there exists only one conclusion.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.