¶1This is an action upon a promissory note made by the defendant to the order of The Armstrong & Bolton Company, indorsed by the latter to the Foskett-Bishop Company, and received by the plaintiff after maturity as an indorsee for collection.
¶2The issues at the trial were confined' to the questions raised by an affirmative defense, whereby it was contended that the Arm*484strong & Bolton Company, the payee, had taken the note as accommodation paper with a condition that a certain contract for steam fitting, made "by the Foskett-Bishop Company with the defendant, should be performed, and that there had been no substantial performance.
¶3It appears that the work under this contract was undertaken by the Armstrong & Bolton Company, but the position of the defendant is that he never accepted this company as a substitute for the Foskett-Bishop Company in the performance of the contract, and that he dealt with the former upon the understanding that it was merely the agent of the latter. If this agency existed as a fact, then knowledge of the condition under which the note was given was imputed to the Foskett-Bishop Company, and nonperformance of the condition was thus available as a defense to the note in the hands' of the plaintiff, who took the paper subject to the equities.
¶4Apart from the issue as to the special agreement and as to performance of the contract for the steam fitting, the plaintiff’s case, as against this defense, proceeded upon the contention that the Armstrong & Bolton Company was wholly independent of the Foskett-Bishop Company, and had been accepted by the defendant as the substitute for the latter company under the contract, it being claimed, generally, that the Foskett-Bishop Company received the note in suit as a bona fide holder, and that any agreement between the defendant and the payee was, accordingly, unavailing as a defense.
¶5Many exceptions were taken by the appellant to rulings upon evidence, but, as far as our attention has been called to these rulings by argument of the points, or by some statement of the grounds upon which error is asserted, we find no reason for reversing the judgment.
¶6We think, however, that for the court’s refusal to charge certain matters requested by the defendant, under exception, a new trial should be bad.
¶7The defendant’s testimony was that the agreement, under which the note in suit was delivered, was made with Mr. Armstrong — an officer of the Armstrong & Bolton Company, as well as a director of the Foskett-Bishop Company — and it is obvious that this individual was identified in interest with the plaintiff and friendly to the suit. Upon the question of the special agreement touching tho note, which the defendant alleged, Mr. Armstrong must needs *485have been a witness hostile to the defendant, as far as the matter of interest went, and, if he was to be a witness at all, it was but natural to assume that he would be called not by the defendant, but by the plaintiff.
¶8It appeared that the plaintiff had made no effort, and assumedly had no desire to procure the attendance of Mr. Armstrong at the trial, and no explanation of the failure to call him as a witness was given.
¶9By requests to charge, not objectionable in form, the defendant sought to have the jury instructed that the plaintiff’s failure to call this witness “ may be considered as evidence of the fact that his testimony would have been adverse to that party.”
¶10The court refused thus to charge, but did charge that there was no evidence showing any inability of the plaintiff to procure the attendance or testimony of Mr. Armstrong.
¶11The last proposition eliminated any question of excuse for not producing this witness and, as a matter of fact, no excuse was suggested.
¶12Within the authority of Carpenter v. Pennsylvania R. R. Co., 13 App. Div. 328, the jury should have been instructed as requested. The conclusion reached by the court in that case made the relative availability of the witness to either party, by resort to a subpeena, no test upon this question of the presumption which might be indulged in for the failure to call a friendly witness whose testimony would necessarily have been material.
¶13In the case cited the right to have the jury thus instructed was made to depend upon the relationship existing between the adverse party and the absent witness, and the resulting probability that the witness, if able to give favorable testimony, would have been called. Here, the absent witness was the main figure in the transactions which resulted in the suit, and it was for the benefit of a corporation of which he was a director that the collection of the note, in this action, was to be made. In commercial dealings, it is difficult, to assume the existence of a situation where the friendship of the absent witness would follow as an inference to a greater extent than upon the facts presented here. See also Milliman v. Rochester R. Co., 3 App. Div. 109.
¶14In view of the fact that the defendant’s testimony of the making of the special agreement was uncorroborated the value of the instruction sought is obvious, and the ruling was clearly prejudicial.
¶15*486The judgment should be reversed, and a new trial ordered, with costs to the appellant to abide the event.
¶16Ebeedman, P. J., and Greenbatjm, J., concur.
¶17Judgment reversed, and new trial ordered, with costs to appellant to abide event.