United States v. Ray’s Empirical Analysis
370 F.3d 1039 · 2004
Citation profile
14 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 28 later decisions (2 by the Supreme Court) — most recently April 2025 · most notably United States v. Wardell (2009), United States v. Stiger (2005)
14 federal appellate · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Appellate journey
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1956 (§ 1352 of the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986) · 18 U.S.C. § 3742 · 18 U.S.C. § 659 · 18 U.S.C. § 841 (Amendments of 1973 to Federal Law) · 18 U.S.C. § 846 · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 28 U.S.C. § 1291
Relies on Missouri v. Continential Insurance Cos. · United States v. Vonn · Foy v. Northeast Suburban Life · Dennis v. Dennis · Curtiss-Wright Corp. v. Schoonejongen
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 28 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[a] party who objects to any portion of the instructions or to a failure to give a requested instruction must inform the court of the specific objection and the grounds for the objection .... Failure to object in accordance with this rule precludes appellate review, except as permitted under Rule 52(b) [regarding plain error].”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“The court should exercise reasonable control over the mode and order of examining witnesses and presenting evidence so as to: (1) make those procedures effective for determining the truth; (2) avoid wasting time; and (3) protect witnesses from harassment or undue embarrassment.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“The decision to grant severance and order separate trials is within the sound discretion of the trial court and its decision will not ordinarily be reversed in the absence of a strong showing of prejudice.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. United v. Pursley
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.