Buono v. Norton’s Empirical Analysis
371 F.3d 543 · 2004
Citation profile
102 federal appellate · 2 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 261 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2021 · most notably Salazar v. Buono (2010), Nursing Home Pension Fund, Local 144 v. Oracle Corp. (2010)
102 federal appellate · 2 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 16 U.S.C. § 431
Relies on Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Inc. · Friends of the Earth Incorporateds v. Laidlaw Environmental Services Inc · Lemon v. Kurtzman · Lynch v. Donnelly · Carey v. Population Services International
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 261 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Though not illuminated, the cross here is bolted to a rock outcropping rising fifteen to twenty feet above grade and is visible to vehicles on the adjacent road from a hundred yards away. Even if the shorter height of the Sunrise Rock cross means that it is visible to fewer people than was the SCSC cross, this makes it no less likely that the Sunrise Rock cross will project a message of government endorsement. ... Nor does the remote location of Sunrise Rock make a difference. That the Sunrise Rock cross is not near a government building is insignificant — neither was the SCSC cross. What is significant is that the Sunrise Rock cross, like the SCSC cross, sits on public park land. National parklands and preserves embody the notion of government ownership as much as urban parkland, and the remote location of Sunrise Rock does nothing to detract from that notion.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence“We review the grant of summary judgment de novo.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[t]here is no question that the Latin cross is a symbol of Christianity, and that its placement on public land by the City of Eugene violates the Establishment Clause[, b]ecause the cross may reasonably be perceived as governmental endorsement of Christianity.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the concurrence
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.